Seasonal Variation of Water Quality in Betwa River at Bundelkhand Region, India

The present study objectively analysis the physicochemical parameters in Betwa River in Bundelkhnad region. Water samples were collected from 19 different point from Betwa River starting from th Orchha to Parichha in the month of January 2006 winter and May 2006 summer for the analyzing different physicochemical parameters of water. Total 15 different physicochemical parameters were analyzed. Correlation and the average chemical composition of major Indian Rivers and other world Rivers. The analyzed parameters are pH, EC, alkanity, hardness, Cl, SO , PO , NO , NH , F , Na, K, Ca, Mg and H SiO . The water of Betwa River 4 4 3 4 4 2 slightly alkaline in nature, the range varies from 7.5 to 8.7 and 7.4 to 8.9 during winter and summer season respectively. Betwa River water is very pricey in Bundelkhand region. The concentration of silica bicarbonate, calcium, magnesium are quit highly the relative abundance of ions in water of Betwa River collected during winter are as follows HCO > Na > Mg > Ca > K > H SiO > Cl > NO -> PO > F ammonia and sulphate are found 3 4 4 3 4 + 2+ 2+ + to be below the detectable limit. The relative abundance of ions in the water of Betwa River collected during summer are as follows HCO -> Mg > Na > Ca > H SiO > K > Cl > NO > F-ammonia and phosphate are mostly 3 4 4 3 2+ + 2+ + found to equal concentration in the River water. Key word: Betwa River Water quality Parameters Correlation Chemical composition INTRODUCTION through the region is Betwa with its tributaries The Bundelkhand region of the central India fall Betwa has been dammed at Matatila and multipurpose politically the region is divided between the Uttar Pradesh interstate Rajghat Dam has been recently built for and Madhya Pradesh. the present catchments area of generation of electricity as well as irrigation and Uttar Jhansi does not cover the entire Bundelkhand region. Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. Seasonal variation in The district Jhansi lies between 240 11’N, 250 57’N precipitation surface run off interflow ground water flow latitude, 78°10 E and 79°23 E longitude and the form and pumped in and outflows have a strong effect on river the southwestern part of Uttar Pradesh. The Betwa pollutants in River Water [1]. The Betwa river water is orVetrawati is a river of great antiquity and immense polluted by industrial and munsiple discharges at one mythological and region values for the people of the point would seriously affecting the down stream. It is the Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh for hundred of year. measure source of irrigation for the area known for the during the course of its flows Betwa River 14 tributaries of production of high quality wheat, gram and soybean in which as many as 11 are located in the Madhya Pradesh the country. after a course of 96 kms. from Jhirri it enters vidisha The annual precipitation and evaporation rate of river district and flows in it for a course of about 112 kms. The Betwa are 1138 mm, 787mm.respectively and mean and important tributaries of the Betwa include Kaliasot, Ajnar, annual runoff is 351mm [2] Winkler’ Iodometric method Bes, Bah, Newon, Parasari, Sagar, Naren, Kaithan, Bina, was used APHA,AWWA add WPCF 1985. Jimni and Dhasan among these Bes, Baha, Newon, The purpose of the study was to investigate Kaithan and Bina flow in the Vidisha district. The river the water quality of the Betwa River and try to Betwa is the lifeline for the region through which it flows examine the physicochemical composition of Betwa and has an important role to play in the all round growth River and to find out seasonal and spatial variation in and development of the region the important river flowing water chemistry. Chureigaura, Bhakha, Barva, Dhasan and Jamini. The Global J. Environ. Res., 3 (3): 164-168, 2009 165 MATERIEL AND METHODS Below the water surface using glass water standard Study Area: The Betwa river is located in the east region. samples for chemical analysis. The samples for It flows for an estimated total length of 573 Km. of which physiochemical analysis were placed an ice box and 216 Km in M.P. and 98 Km in U.P. The river has a huge transported to the laboratory for immediate analysis. catchments area at of around 46580 Sq.Kms. There are Surface water was collected was each station in 1 liter. three types of soil are found in this region which is a dark Polythene bottle which were thoroughly washed thrice soil, Mar, Kabar. The annual runoff 351mm. with the water to be analyzed. The temperatures were Sampling and Preservation: The water samples from nine °C. The oxygen was foxed by addition of MnSO and stations located along the Betwa River starting from alkaline iodide simultaneously while collecting in BOD Orchha to Parichha (About 25 Km stretch) to get bottles. At the site itself and brought to the laboratory for representative samples. Water samples were collected its estimation. And hardness was determined by acid from Jan 2006 winter and May 2006 summer. And titration, phosphate, fluoride by SPANDS methods nitrate, Monsoon season to see seasonal variation. The station chloride, sulphate, ammonium and silicon by sector included upstream and down stream points of the river. photometric techniques. Na and K have been determined Surface water samples were collected about 10 cms. flame photometric methods. procedure were followed for the collection of water recorded at the site itself with the help of thermometer in